Hydroponic Systems

Bare roots hang in an enclosed chamber and are intermittently misted with nutrient solution. Between mist cycles the roots are exposed directly to air, giving the highest root-zone oxygen availability of any hydroponic method.

A closed-loop hybrid that couples aquaculture (fish) with hydroponics. Fish waste feeds nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia into plant- available nitrate; plants then filter the water as it returns to the fish tank. The plants grow in a hydroponic sub-system — most often media beds, NFT, or raft culture.

Plant roots are suspended directly in an aerated nutrient solution. A continuously running air pump and air stone keep dissolved oxygen high enough to support root respiration while roots remain fully submerged.

A pump delivers nutrient solution to individual plants through a network of emitters. Media-held roots receive slow, steady drips timed to crop demand. Excess solution either returns to the reservoir (recirculating) or drains to waste (run-to-waste).

Individual media-filled buckets connect to a shared nutrient line. Each bucket receives timed drips and drains excess solution back to a central reservoir via a siphon. Built for large, heavy, long-cycle fruiting crops that need per-plant isolation.

A timed pump periodically floods a grow tray with nutrient solution, then lets it drain back into a reservoir below. Media-held roots alternate between wet and dry phases, pulling oxygen between floods.

Commercial-scale Deep Water Culture. Plants grow in floating foam rafts on a shallow nutrient pond, with aeration distributed across the pond rather than concentrated per bucket. Mechanically identical to DWC — the scale, pond geometry, and harvest flow are the differentiators. For small-scale setups see the DWC system.

A passive hydroponic method in which roots grow through a receding nutrient reservoir. As the solution level falls, the upper root mass takes in oxygen from the air gap while the lower portion stays in solution. No pump or electricity required.

A thin film of nutrient solution flows continuously through sloped channels, bathing bare root mats without submerging them. Oxygen diffuses directly into the exposed root surface while the film delivers water and nutrients.

A passive system in which a capillary wick draws nutrient solution from a reservoir up into the growing medium. No pumps or moving parts — solution uptake is driven entirely by the plant's demand and the wick's absorbency.